In its first part the article deals with the organization ofhealthcare service in Carniola, with special emphasis on assignments belonging to municipalities, healthcare districts and district doctors. Further, the article presents infectious diseases, which most often raged in Škofja Loka and its surroundings between the years 1880 and 1914. On the basis of preserved archival sources, the article presents the epidemics of smallpox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles, typhus and the looming danger of cholera and tuberculosis. The measures taken for their prevention, mandatory disinfection and burials of those who died ofthese diseases are also presented.