The most recent historiographical reflection at European level on education has mostly emphasized the analysis on the material culture of it; at the same time, though, a most significant debate was emerging on the role of Museums of Education and their function for the preservation and valorization of the heritage related to the story of school and education. This is the framework of our presentation, which intends to illustrate the activities that the Museum of School and Popular Education (“Museo della scuola e dell’istruzione popolare”) of the University of Molise (Italy) is currently carrying out in this respect. The paper will analyze the Museum structure, its scientific and didactic objectives, the issues linked to the museographic transposition of this particular cultural patrimony. Moving from the relationship between memory and school historical heritage, the presentation will focus on a particular initiative promoted by the Museum of School, that is the exhibition where 150 years of history of Italian schools have been retraced. With the aid of video clips and images will also be presented teaching/learning experiences with families and school groups carried out at the Museum, and related upcoming projects will be illustrated.