In 1880 the Central Association of Teachers Unity (CAoTU) which unified other regional Unity Czech teachers of elementary schools was established. The activities of this Association was considerably wide, the range of questions discussed at the annual general meetings included matters from questions concerning material provision of teachers (in the last decades of the 19th century it was a significant part of the agenda of Association) to the practical issues of teaching methods. This contribution briefly introduces the CAoTU itself, but primarily will focus on the problem of formation of Czech pedagogical museum and the first decades of its existence: the founding of pedagogical museum was one of the most discussed topics in the Central Association of Teachers Unity. The idea of establishing of a museum was partially realized in 1890, when a Permanent exhibition of teaching aids (not directly the museum which was originally intended) was opened. This contribution will analyse gradual growth of Permanent school exhibition and its financial difficulties; sources on this issue are deposited partly in the archive of The National pedagogical museum in Prague, partly in the archive of Teachers Trade Union, where the materials of the history of the Central Association of Teachers Unity are deposited. The formation of the Permanent school exhibition is inseparably connected with Josef Klika (1857- 1906), an outstanding teacher and active organizer and leader of Prague teachers, who was also engaged in the Central Association of Teachers Unity. Therefore this contribution cannot omit this extraordinary personality of the movement of Czech teachers in the last decades of the 19th century. In fact, Josef Klika is a good example to demonstrate, how the strong individuality was able to reach through the Teachers Association the realization of many extraordinary projects, e. g. the founding of the Permanent exhibition /1890/, the founding of Comenius Museum /1892/ or the publishing of Encyclopedia of Education, the greatest scientific and editorial project of Czech teachers in the 19th century (the inheritance of Josef Klika is a part of collections of The National pedagogical museum in Prague).