After the meeting of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs in London (11th September - 2nd October 1945), the "Census in the Julian March of the 1st October 1945" was conducted in the Slovene Littoral and Trieste. It was an extensive project. For this purpose the Regional National- Liberation Committee (RNLC) for the Littoral and Trieste formed a survey commission. The commission led preparations for and conducted the census in the territory that comprised all places and population in Zone A of the Julian March that was under the Allied Military Administration (AMA), and in the Koper and Piran judicial districts. Thorough preparations were made and detailed instructions were given for conducting the census. Authorities were aware that the census would have the most evidential value if they adhered to the administrative territory division which was used for the census in the year 1910. The census was organised at two levels, the survey (executive) level and expert (control) level. Due to the organisation of the survey and its control, the members of central, district and local commissions were forced to strictly follow the instructions while preparing and doing their work. Together with the collected data, the central commission received reports from the districts on how the survey was conducted in towns and villages. The reports describe the manner in which the census was conducted. The descriptions vary from one place to another, since the working conditions were different. The results of the census show that there were differences between the Goriško and Trieste regions and between the towns in Tržaško and their surroundings. The survey was used for comparison with the information on population from 1910. The collected material is also an important sourcefor recognition of the Slovene population's status in the analysed territory in the first half of the 20th century. The census of emigrant Slovenes who left their country in the interwar period due to economic, political and other reasons, is particularly worth noting. In the RNLCfondfor the Slovene Littoral and Trieste 1944-1947 (AS 1818) there are 17 technical units of census material. Even though the census did not give any results that were needed at the time, the extensive material awaits detailed analyses, for it is a good basis for the preparation of microanalyses in numerous places in the Slovene Littoral.