After the 1526 Mohacs battle and the loss of privileges a part of the Orthodox and Catholic populations fled from the Ottoman Empire and settled in the Austrian Empire. In 1535, 1538 and 1564 the Habsburg monarchs of Austria promised to reinstate their privileges in return for their voluntarily, unpaid military service against the Osmanlis. Since the newcomers, named the Uskoki, had special benefits and were unwilling to adapt to their new surroundings the relations between them and the autochthonous serf farmers living in this area were far from good. While on one hand the settlement of the Uskoki in a compact area such as, for instance, Žumberak, resulted in the protection of their own life-style, on the other they became isolated from others and, as a consequence, their integration was slowed down. Because of these factors the former border protectors turned robbers as well.