Drawing primarily on archival sources, the contribution offers a deeper insight into the problem concerning health conditions in Tržič and the surrounding municipalities during the interwar period, when the new post-WWI socio-medical principles were also being implemented in this area. The article focuses on the health protection of children within the general Yugoslav context. Tržič was one of those Slovenian towns that obtained their own health centre and, with it, practical possibilities for raising the public awareness as well as improving public health, especially in the most vulnerable groups, that is, children.