In my master's thesis, I focus on gender roles during the Second World War in Slovenian lands. I unfold the mass of identities and motives, both revolutionary and traditional. We will see that the revolutionary period was deeply influenced by the centuries-old anthropological situation – Christianity. The Second World War shifted gender roles and allowed women to enter the male sphere. They did so by using traditional mechanisms, which had their own rules, laws, and history. My study shows that women gave legitimacy to the National Liberation Movement and, in turn, the Movement (and later the socialist state) supposedly gave them a new social status – one which was much more aligned with tradition than the socialist movement claimed it to be. The stories of women fighters, activists, family members and undecided bystanders show us how the Kingdom of Yugoslavia lost its power, how two occupation regimes shaped the war years, and how the new Socialist Yugoslavia found its power.