The treatise first gives a description of the traditional common pasture in the highlands, which formed the basis for a new organization ofthe milk inudstry at Tolmin and Bohinj in the second half ofthe 19th century. The novelties - the organization of the farmers in co-operatives, the production of high-quality cheese and butter and organized sales, were intoduced to these regions by Swiss experts, whereas individual enthousiastic locals, e.g. the parish priest Janez Mesar at Bohinj, also deserve merit for their efforts. Financially they were supported by agricultural associations and the state, which were aware ofthe adventages of co-operative prodution ofmilk and dairy products.