The paper points to changes in the profession of an intellectual, who passes knowledge, educates and, with the participation of family and wider society, passes culture onto a younger generation. School teaching, which has been associated with church activities, and later with city and provincial government and various private initiatives, became supported by the state intensively from the mid18th century. We can follow the profession of primary school teacher and his different position from the first primary school legislation in 1774, and its changes in 19th century, when the liberal school reform from 1869 in many ways influenced the formation of modern school and the teaching profession. Male and after 1880 an increasing number of female teachers became modesty, but regularly paid provincial officials. With a higher education (four-year teacher-training colleges with matura examination) teaching also became an intellectual profession and with the end of Church school supervision at the end of the 19th century teachers became liberal-oriented. Contradictions between political Catholicism and liberalism exacerbated at school and teaching profession. Also after 1918, politicization of education was decreeing the position of teachers. In the first half of the 19th century school had an influence on the linguistic integration of Slovenians, also after 1880 it had quite an impact on the decrease of illiteracy and overall on the cultural and economic development. Teachers were important representatives of national movement, their confidence as educated national teachers was growing. They united into Teachers’ Associations and integrated into cultural and economic activities. Many a teacher was also a fruit grower, apiarist, member of a cooperative or a firefighter, a musician, a writer, a mountaineer or even a politician. Even female teachers, who have, with their professional work enabled this Pan-Slovenian cultural development, were also bearers of the women's movement. After 1945, school as a State institution educated expressly in the spirit of the new communist ideology, and the teacher was before 1990 considered as a "revolutionary soldier". In addition to the advancing professionalism of teachers also the system of ideas was equally important in school.