The paper will introduce the doctoral study, which took place in the framework of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1949 to 1956. After World War II, the government wanted to transform the Yugoslav science in accordance with the guidelines of the Soviet research policy (universities should be transformed into educational institutions, republican academy of sciences should become guild of research institutes), which was reflected in the frequent reforms. One of these was the reform of postgraduate course, which began in 1948 and concluded with the introduction of the three-level study at the University of Ljubljana in the second half of the 1950s. The legal standing for the establishment of the doctoral study at the Ljubljana Academy was the Act of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, adopted in May 1948, which stated that the Academy will raise the scientific personnel in parallel with the University of Ljubljana. The paper will show the comparison of the doctoral study at the University of Ljubljana and at research institutes.