We usually understand repression carried out within or by a state or its authorities as violence against the political opponents of the authorities. Regardless of the political system in Slovenia and Yugoslavia after World War II, where the power was taken over by the communists, who persecuted political crimes (according to the criminal code, crimes against »the people and the state«) very resolutely especially in the first years after the war in order to strengthen and affirm their authority (which is usually deemed as repression), the majority of the crimes (criminal offences) committed consisted of »ordinary« crimes – murder, manslaughter, theft, falsifications, etc. The state authorities punished these crimes through the judicial system. Crime is usually followed by punishment. Non‑political criminal offences far outnumbered political crimes. On the basis of the legislation and statistical information, the author describes the extent of »crime and punishment«.