Paper is presenting the history of childhood through children cloths. It represents mostly conclusions about children clothing worn at the beginning of schooling and in years of primary school. Pupils’ clothes were influenced by society and the social situation. There was a difference in dressing between country and urban children, rich and poor children. There are some autobiographies, school photos, a special questionnaire about clothes of pupils, pedagogical press releases and literature that testify about children’s clothes at the end of the 19th century and early 20th century.