The paper deals with the restoration of diplomatic relations between the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) and the Holy See in the 1960s, it outlines the causes that led to the negotiations between the two sides and presents the difficulties which arose in the course of these talks. In main, the paper is dedicated to the diplomatic negotiations between 1964 and 1966, with the list of the demands of both sides in the foreground. The talks were problematic as both sides made demands which concerned their internal structures. The negotiations clearly showed the yielding on the Vatican side in its desire to reach a final agreement. Given the scope of the negotiations, their result - the Belgrade Protocol - was very poor. The signing of the Protocol was propagated by the Slovene press as a success of Slovene diplomacy, while provoking sharp reactions among Slovene emigrants. The changes that the Belgrade Protocol was supposed to bring about were so few that it can be hardly considered as a turning point in the Church-State relations in Yugoslavia.