The author deals with fraction struggle for Lenins inheritance in the Soviet party and state summit in the years 1924—1927. In this context he analyses the contradictory theoretical views of Trocki, Stalin and Zinovjev as regards the perspectives of »building the socialism in one country«, as well as regarding their different comprehension of the inside party democracy. Stalin won that sharp battle due to his rough polltical disqualification with which he made the activity of the opposition impossible and thus achieved the expulsion of Trocki and Zinovjev from the party.