The Association of Serbian Teachers was founded in 1881. It launched its own journal The Teacher, at the very beginning of the next year. In the last decade of the 19th century this Association founded also the School Museum. In the first decade of the last century the branches of the Association published their own local journals. During that time, the idea that teachers can contribute to the foundation and development of national pedagogy, based on the research of physical and psychical development of Serbian children, matured. At the initiative of the 16th generation of graduated students of the Male Teacher Training College, the Serbian Association for Child Psychology was founded in Belgrade in 1907. The Association assembled more than 500 members, who were mostly teachers and professors. They published their own journal - The Herald. The Association organized three meetings, one course from the field of child psychology, 22 surveys. The surveys were conducted with the aim to study different issues of child development, like anthropometric measurements, children’s speech, drawings, basic concepts like numbers, children’s ideals, as well as their learning styles, memory and reckoning. The exhibition with photographs, audio track, written materials and craftworks of children up to 15 was prepared, with the view to collect material for the foundation of the psychology of Serbian children. They also had ambition to offer teachers a professional training in the field of child psychology. Due to persistence of teachers from the district of Vranje, a small laboratory was open there, with the most modern equipment ordered from the Zimmerman’s factory in Leipzig, although that district was one of the poorest in the country. After 1910 the Association stopped its activities due to lack of money for professional seminars and lectures and for publishing the journal, since the state authorities did not offer adequate support.