This paper summarizes the most recent studies on primary school teachers’ associative phenomenon in Italy between Unification and Fascism. The aim of this paper is to trace the evolution of associationism and the transition from mainly localistic, mutualistic modes of social organization to more professional and nationally organized groups. This process started at the end of the forties of the Nineteenth Century in the State of Piemonte, thanks to the activism of inspectors, teachers or liberal politicians which believe in the value of instruction like a weapon to better economic, social and politic overview. In this period the members of the association undertook for the spread of primary and popular education a higher professional qualification of teachers. They promoted kindergartens, evening schools and Sunday schools, elementary male e female schools; but they drew up plans to build news “normal” schools and news forms of mutual aid. After the birth of the italian State, the teacher’s associationism multiplied, expecially in urban center like Milan, Naples, Rome, Florence, Genua ext. But only since the eighties of the Nineteenth Century began the early experiences at national character. In particular, we will take into account some of the most significant examples of primary school teachers’ associations between the 19th and 20th centuries such as the Associazione Nazionale fra gli insegnanti elementari d’Italia born in 1880, and the Unione Magistrale Nazionale which was active from 1901 to 1925.