According to M. Geller (1994), the Soviet school, which had a potential to become most revolutionary, in the long course of time became the most reactionary and conservative school in the world. Undoubtedly, referring to the pedagogical system, which existed almost the whole 20th century, we cannot ignore various changes that occurred in it. However, if we consider the main goal of the Soviet school, it remained almost unchanged. The names of the heads of the country and the numbers of party congresses would change but the requirements to school would always remain the same: to shape and raise the New Man (Person), who is committed to the ideals of the Communist Party, always determined to fight for the ideas of the Communism and to be an active builder of Soviet society (Trimakienė, 2007). On the basis of historical documents (educational documents, works of soviet pedagogy, pedagogical press, etc.), scholarly literature and the materials of the qualitative interviews with teachers, who worked in the Soviet school and the informants, who learnt in that school, the presentation will make attempts to discuss how these requirements were implemented in the schools of one of the republics of the Soviet Union, that is, in Lithuanian SSR, in the period of 1944-1990.